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Egypt State of the Environment Report 2004

(Issued May 2005)

	Cover
	Contents
	Word of H.E. The Minister of State for Environmental Affairs
	Introduction
	Methodology: Report Objective
	Chapter I: Review of Policies and The State of Environment in Egypt
1-	Air Quality:
	1.a	Introduction
	1.b	Pressures Affecting Air Quality
	1.c	Ambient Air Quality in Egypt and Monitoring Indicators
	1.d	Sources of Air Pollutant Emissions in Egypt and The Most Significant Challenges
	1.e	Air Pollution Abatement Efforts in Egypt
	1.f	Future Vision
2-	Fresh Water:
	2.a	Introduction
	2.b	Water Resources and their Use in Egypt
	2.c	Pressures Placed on Water Resources
	2.d	Current Status of Egypt Water Quality
	2.e	Water Resources Major Challenges
	2.f	Efforts for Meeting Water Environment Challenges
	2.g	Future Vision
	2.h	References
3-	Seas and Coastal Zones:
	3.a	Introduction
	3.b	Pressures and Hazards on Coastal Environment
	3.c	Challenges
	3.d	State Efforts in Facing Coastal Zones Problems
	3.e	Marine Environment Pollution Prevention
	3.f	Future Vision
	3.g	References
4-	Lands:
	4.a	Introduction
	4.b	Pressures on Land Resources
	4.c	Current Situation of Lands in Egypt
	4.d	Land Resources Challenges in Egypt
	4.e	State Efforts in Combating Land Degradation in Egypt
	4.f	Future Vision
	4.g	References
5-	Afforestation:
	5.a	Introduction
	5.b	Objectives of The National Program
	5.c	Program Implementation Sites
	5.d	Ongoing Activities and Future Action Plan
	5.e	Benefits from State Afforestation Planting Efforts
	5.f	Tree Planting and Green Areas in Egyptian Governorates
	5.g	Green Belt Project around Greater Cairo (Cairo, Giza and Qalioubeya)
	5.h	Future Vision
6-	Biodiversity:
	6.a	Introduction
	6.b	National Policy and Strategy
	6.c	Present and Future Protected Area Network
	6.d	Current National Efforts
	6.e	Future Challenges
	6.f	Future Vision
7-	Climatic Changes and Protection of Ozone Layer:
	7.a	Introduction
	7.b	Actors, Pressures and Impacts
	7.c	Government Efforts to Address Effects of Climatic Changes and Ozone Depletion
	7.d	Egypt’s Obligations towards the Protection of The Ozone Layer
	7.e	Future Vision
	7.f	References
	Chapter II: Urban Development and Population Activities
8-	Urban Communities Environmental Development:
	8.a	Introduction
	8.b	Urban Environment in Egypt and Major Pressures
	8.c	Challenges Facing Urban Environment and Communities in Egypt
	8.d	State Efforts for Developing Urban Areas
	8.e	Environmental Development in Industrial Areas
	8.f	Future Vision
	8.g	References
9-	Industry:
	9.a	Introduction
	9.b	Pressures Caused by The Industrial Sector in Egypt
	9.c	Industrial Environmental Impacts and Major Challenges
	9.d	State Efforts in Integrated Industrial Development in Egypt
	9.e	Industrial Pollution Prevention Project
10-	Solid Waste Management (SWM):
	10.a	Introduction
	10.b	Pressures on The Municipal Solid Waste Management in Egypt
	10.c	Solid Wastes in Egypt
	10.d	Most Significant Challenges Facing Solid Waste Management in Egypt
	10.e	Efforts of Ministry of State for Environmental Affairs in Facing Solid Waste Management Challenges
	10.f	Future Vision
	10.g	References
11-	Hazardous Substances and Wastes Management:
	11.a	Introduction
	11.b	The Most Significant HWM Challenges
	11.c	State Efforts in Facing HWM Challenges in Egypt
	11.d	Hazardous Wastes Generation Sources and Major Pressures
	11.e	State Efforts in Hazardous Wastes Management
	11.f	Future Vision
12-	Health and Population Status:
	12.a	Introduction
	12.b	Pressures
	12.c	Challenges
	12.d	State Efforts
	12.e	Future Vision
	12.f	References
	Chapter III: Environmental Management and Policy Analysis
13-	Environmental Management and Policy Analysis:
	13.a	Environmental Information Systems (EIS)
	13.b	Environmental Crises and Disasters Management
	13.c	Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)
	13.d	Environmental Inspection
	13.e	Institutional Strengthening
	13.f	Human Resources Development
	13.g	Bilateral and Multilateral International Cooperation
	13.h	Environmental Legislations
	Chapter IV: Future Steps And Actions
14-	Future Vision for Environmental Action in Egypt
	Annexes
1-	Priority Pollution Hot Spots in Egypt
2-	Estimated Investment for Industrial Pollution Control in Alexandria
3-	The Executive Stance of Solid Waste Management Projects and Public Cleaning in Governorates
4-	Waste Recycling Plants Established in Governorates to date, and Proposed Sites for Implementing 2002/2003 Plan
5-	Agreements
6-	Foreign Projects
	List of Acronyms
	Participants

Egypt State of the Environment Report 2004

Chapter I: Review of Policies and The State of Environment in Egypt

Chapter II: Urban Development and Population Activities

Chapter III: Environmental Management and Policy Analysis

Chapter IV: Future Steps And Actions

Annexes

List of Acronyms

Participants

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